New Inventions In data card

Soon, data card that can last for 100 million years

 Researchers claim to have developed a new water proof storage device that can endure extreme temperatures and hostile conditions like fires and tsunami 'forever' without degrading. 

Japanese multinational conglomerate Hitachihas unveiled the chip, which it claims is resistant to many chemicals and unaffected by radio waves, can be exposed directly to high temperature flames and heated to 1,000 degrees Celsius for at least two hours without being damaged. 

The chip is also waterproof, meaning it could survive natural calamities, such as fires and tsunami, the 'Daily Mail' reported. 

"The volume of data being created every day is exploding, but in terms of keeping it for later generations, we haven't necessarily improved since the days we inscribed things on stones," Hitachi researcher Kazuyoshi Torii said. 

"The possibility of losing information may actually have increased,' he said, noting the life of digital media currently available - CDs and hard drives - is limited to a few decades or a century," he said. 

The company's new technology stores data in binary form by creating dots inside a thin sheet of quartz glass, which can be read with an ordinary optical microscope. 

Provided a computer with the know-how to understand that binary is available - simple enough to programme, no matter how advanced computers become - the data will always be readable. 

"We believe data will survive unless this hard glass is broken," said senior researcher Takao Watanabe. 

The material currently has four layers of dots, which can hold 40 megabytes per square inch, approximately the density on a music CD, researchers said, adding they believe including more layers should not be a problem. 

The company has not decided when to put the chip to practical use but researchers said they could start with storage services for government agencies, museums and religious organisations.

Facebook allowing users to review search history

                                                                                    In case you want to be reminded of who you were cyber stalking on Facebook, the social network will       now allow you to review your search history.



   Facebook last year rolled out its Activity Log in conjunction with the revamped Timeline profile. That allowed users to review activity and approve or reject items for inclusion on their Timeline. Now, that activity log will include details on searches conducted on Facebook

"Just as you can choose to delete any of your posts, you can use the same inline control on Activity Log to remove any of your searches at any time," Facebook said in a blog post. "It's important to remember that no one else can see your Activity Log, including your search activity."

Facebook said it will update users' activity logs with search data over the next few weeks. A link to your activity log is located in the top right-hand corner of your Timeline, just below your cover photo. You can then drill down for search-specific data.

During a recent appearance at the TechCrunch Disrupt conference, Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg said search is something on the social network's to-do list.

At this point, "we do 1 billion queries per day already and we're basically not even trying," Zuckerberg said. But there's the potential for Facebook to expand on that, allowing people to search for things like, "What sushi restaurants in NYC have my friends tried and enjoyed?" or "What friends or friends of friends work at this company I'm interested in?"

It did not appear that Facebook was on the cusp of making that a reality, however; "at some point, we'll do it," Zuckerberg said

               BY:
    Yogendra Pratap Singh

How to Boot the Window XP Faster.

To Boot up Window XP fast you have to follow the following steps:-

1. Open notepad.exe, type "del c:\windows\prefetch\ntosboot-*.* /q" (without the quotes) & save as "ntosboot.bat" in c:\
2. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "gpedit.msc".
3. Double click "Windows Settings" under "Computer Configuration" and double click again on "Shutdown" in the right window.
4. In the new window, click "add", "Browse", locate your "ntosboot.bat" file & click "Open".
5. Click "OK", "Apply" & "OK" once again to exit.
6. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "devmgmt.msc".
7. Double click on "IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers"
8. Right click on "Primary IDE Channel" and select "Properties".
9. Select the "Advanced Settings" tab then on the device or 1 that doesn't have 'device type' greyed out select 'none' instead of 'autodetect' & click "OK".
10. Right click on "Secondary IDE channel", select "Properties" and repeat step 9.
11. Reboot your computer.

How to create your own header file in ‘C’

Here we have three files

1. demo.h includes the header file and function declaration
2. demo.c includes the function definition
3. main.c includes the header to call function and function call

demo.h

#ifndef DEMO_H_   /* Include guard */
#define DEMO_H_

int functiontest(int x);  /* An example function declaration */

#endif

__________________________________________________________________

demo.c

#include "demo.h"  /* Include the header (not strictly necessary here) */

int functiontest(int x)    /* Function definition */
{
    return x + 5;
}

___________________________________________________________________

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "demo.h"  /* Include the header here, to obtain the function declaration */

int main(void)
{
    int y = functiontest(4);  /* Function call */
    printf("%d\n", y);
    return 0;
}

How to configure Internet Connection Sharing in Windows XP

To use Internet Connection Sharing to share your Internet connection, the host computer must have one network adapter that is configured to connect to the internal network, and one network adapter or modem that is configured to connect to the Internet.

On the host computer

On the host computer, follow these steps to share the Internet connection:

1. Log on to the host computer as Administrator or as Owner.
2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click the connection that you use to connect to the Internet. For example, if you connect to the Internet by using a modem, right-click the connection that you want under Dial-up.
6. Click Properties.
7. Click the Advanced tab.
8. Under Internet Connection Sharing, select the Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection check box.
9. If you are sharing a dial-up Internet connection, select the Establish a dial-up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box if you want to permit your computer to automatically connect to the Internet.
10. Click OK. You receive the following message:
    When Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, your LAN adapter will be set to use IP
    address 192.168.0.1. Your computer may lose connectivity with other computers on
    your network. If these other computers have static IP addresses, it is a good idea to set them
    to obtain their IP addresses automatically. Are you sure you want to enable Internet
    Connection Sharing?
11. Click Yes.

The connection to the Internet is shared to other computers on the local area network (LAN). The network adapter that is connected to the LAN is configured with a static IP address of 192.168.0.1 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

On the client computer

To connect to the Internet by using the shared connection, you must confirm the LAN adapter IP configuration, and then configure the client computer. To confirm the LAN adapter IP configuration, follow these steps:

1. Log on to the client computer as Administrator or as Owner.
2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
3. Click Network and Internet Connections.
4. Click Network Connections.
5. Right-click Local Area Connection, and then click Properties.
6. Click the General tab, click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in the This connection uses the following items list, and then click Properties.
7. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box, click Obtain an IP address automatically (if it is not already selected), and then click OK.
   
   Note You can also assign a unique static IP address in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254. For example, you can assign the following static IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway:

      IP Address      192.168.0.2
      Subnet mask     255.255.255.0
      Default gateway 192.168.0.1
        

8. In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box, click OK.
9. Quit Control Panel. 
   
   

Configure the client computer :


To configure the client computer to use the shared Internet connection, follow these steps:

1. Click Start, and then click Control Panel.
2. Click Network and Internet Connections.
3. Click Internet Options.
4. In the Internet Properties dialog box, click the Connections tab.
5. Click the Setup button.
   
   The New Connection Wizard starts.
6. On the Welcome to the New Connection Wizard page, click Next.
7. Click Connect to the Internet, and then click Next.
8. Click Set up my connection manually, and then click Next.
9. Click Connect using a broadband connection that is always on, and then click Next.
10. On the Completing the New Connection Wizard page, click Finish.
11. Quit Control Panel.

Troubleshooting of Internet Connection Sharing :

When you turn on Internet Connection Sharing on the host computer, the host computer's LAN adapter is automatically assigned the IP address of 192.168.0.1. Therefore, one of the following situations may occur:

• IP address conflict
  Each computer on the LAN must have a unique IP address. If more than one computer has the same IP address, an IP conflict occurs, and one of the network adapters turns off until the conflict is resolved. To resolve this conflict, configure the client computer to automatically obtain an IP address, or assign it a unique IP address.
• Loss of network connectivity
  If your network is configured with a different IP address range than Internet Connection Sharing uses, you will lose network connectivity with the host computer. To resolve this issue, configure the client computers to automatically obtain an IP address, or assign each client computer a unique IP address in the range of 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254.

SOLID-STATE DRIVE VS HARD DISK DRIVE.

The detailed overview of the advantages and disadvantages of both technologies. Comparisons reflect typical characteristics, and may not hold for a specific device.

Attribute or characteristic	Solid-state drive	Hard disk drive
Start-up time	Almost instantaneous; no mechanical components to prepare. May need a few milliseconds to come out of an automatic power-saving mode.	Disk spin-up may take several seconds. A system with many drives may need to stagger spin-up to limit peak power drawn, which is briefly high when an HDD is first started.
Random access time	About 0.1 ms - many times faster than HDDs because data is accessed directly from the flash memory	Ranges from 2.9 (high end server drive) to 12 ms (laptop HDD) due to the need to move the heads and wait for the data to rotate under the read/write head.
Read latency time	Generally low because the data can be read directly from any location. In applications where hard disk seeks are the limiting factor, this results in faster boot and application launch times.	Generally high since the mechanical components require additional time to get aligned
Data transfer rate	SSD technology can deliver rather consistent read/write speed, but when lots of individual smaller blocks are accessed, performance is reduced. In consumer products the maximum transfer rate typically ranges from about 100 MB/s to 500 MB/s, depending on the disk. Enterprise market offers devices with multi-gigabyte per second throughput.	Once the head is positioned, when reading or writing a continuous track, an enterprise HDD can transfer data at about 140 MB/s. However accessing fragmented data implies a severe performance penalty. Data transfer rate depends also upon rotational speed, which can range from 4,200 to 15,000 rpm. and also upon the track (reading from the outer tracks is faster due higher absolute head velocity relative to the disk).
Consistent read performance	Read performance does not change based on where data is stored on an SSD	If data from different areas of the platter must be accessed, as with fragmented files, response times will be increased by the need to seek each fragment
Fragmentation	There is no benefit to reading data sequentially (beyond typical FS block sizes), making fragmentation irrelevant for SSDs. Defragmentation would cause wear by making additional writes of the NAND flash cells, which have a limited cycle life	Files, particularly large ones, on HDDs usually become fragmented over time if frequently written; periodic defragmentation is required to maintain optimum performance.
Noise (acoustic)	SSDs have no moving parts and therefore are basically silent, although electric noise from the circuits may occur.	HDDs have moving parts (heads, actuator, and spindle motor) and make some sound; noise levels vary between models, but can be significant (while often much lower than the sound from the cooling fans).
Temperature control	SSDs do not usually require any special cooling and can tolerate higher temperatures than HDDs. High-end enterprise models delivered as add-on cards may be supplied fitted with heat sinks to dissipate heat generated.	According to Seagate, ambient temperatures above 95 °F (35 °C) can shorten the life of a hard disk, and reliability will be compromised at drive temperatures above 131 °F (55 °C). Fan cooling may be required if temperatures would otherwise exceed these values. In practice most hard drives are used without special arrangements for cooling.
High altitude operation	Can endure high altitude during operation.	Specially manufactured sealed and pressurized hard disks are needed for reliable high-altitude operation.
Susceptibility to environmental factors	No moving parts, very resistant to shock and vibration	Heads floating above rapidly rotating platters are susceptible to shock and vibration
Installation and mounting	Not sensitive to orientation, vibration, or shock. Usually no exposed circuitry.	Circuitry may be exposed, and must not contact metal parts. Most of recent models work well in all orientations. Should be mounted to protect against vibration and shock.
Susceptibility to magnetic fields	No impact on flash memory	Magnets or magnetic surges could in principle damage data, although the magnetic platters are usually well-shielded inside a metal case.
Weight and size	Solid state drives, essentially semiconductor memory devices mounted on a circuit board, are small and light in weight. However, for easy replacement, they often follow the same form factors as HDDs (3.5", 2.5" or 1.8").	HDDs often have the same form factor but may be heavier. This is especially true for 3.5" drives.
Reliability and lifetime	SSDs have no moving parts to fail mechanically. Each block of a flash-based SSD can only be erased (and therefore written) a limited number of times before it fails. The controllers manage this limitation so that drives can last for many years under normal use.SSDs based on DRAM do not have a limited number of writes. Firmware bugs are currently a common cause for data loss.	HDDs have moving parts, and are subject to potential mechanical failures from the resulting wear and tear.
Secure writing limitations	NAND flash memory cannot be overwritten, but has to be rewritten to previously erased blocks. If a software encryption program encrypts data already on the SSD, the overwritten data is still unsecured, unencrypted, and accessible (drive-based hardware encryption does not have this problem). Also data cannot be securely erased by overwriting the original file without special "Secure Erase" procedures built into the drive.	HDDs can overwrite data directly on the drive in any particular sector.
Cost per capacity	NAD flash SSDs cost approximately US$0.65 per GB	HDDs cost about US$0.05 per GB for 3.5 inch and $0.10 per GB for 2.5 inch drives
Storage capacity	In 2011 SSDs were available in sizes up to 2 TB, but less costly 64 to 256 GB drives were more common.	In 2011 HDDs of up to 4 TB were available.
Upgradability,  changeability, and/or downgradability	SSDs that follow the form factor of HDD (3.5", 2.5", and 1.8") are either upgradeable, changeable, or downgradable.	HDDs are definitely either upgradeable, changeable, or downgradable.
Read/write performance symmetry	Less expensive SSDs typically have write speeds significantly lower than their read speeds. Higher performing SSDs have similar read and write speeds.	HDDs generally have slightly lower write speeds than their read speeds.
Free block availability and TRIM	SSD write performance is significantly impacted by the availability of free, programmable blocks. Previously written data blocks no longer in use can be reclaimed by TRIM; however, even with TRIM, fewer free blocks cause slower performance	HDDs are not affected by free blocks and do not benefit from TRIM
Power consumption	High performance flash-based SSDs generally require half to a third of the power of HDDs. High-performance DRAM SSDs generally require as much power as HDDs, and must be connected to power even when the rest of the system is shut down	The lowest-power HDDs (1.8" size) can use as little as 0.35 watts. 2.5" drives typically use 2 to 5 watts. The highest-performance 3.5" drives can use up to about 20 watts.

How to remove hidden files from removable storage media and format using DOS commands

Sometimes there are lots of viruses in pen-drive or other removable storage media so blow some steps to format the drive with DOS commands or to unhide the virus. These are the strong commands that will fix your device errors.

Try it.


1)  (Unhide the files)

Open a dos prompt (Start > Run > cmd) and type:

attrib -r -h -s ./s z:\*.*


Hit Enter

This will change the attributes of all of the files on the pen drive. Read only, hidden, and system attributes will be removed. Replace the z: with your drive letter. Now you will be able to see them in Explorer, and delete them, without formatting anything.

2)  (format with DOS commands)

Open the DOS prompt (Start > Run > cmd)

and type

format z:

Hit Enter

This will format your drive. Replace Z: with the actual drive letter of your Drive.

Engineers' Day...

Engineers' Day

Every year India celebrates Engineers' Day in honour of Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, one of India's most notable engineers. Born on September 15, 1860, Sir MV, as he was popularly known, was knighted as a Commander of the British Indian Empire by King George V for his myriad contributions to the public good.

Vijay Mhaskar, vice president, Information Management Group, Symantec, shares his insights on how India can offer innovations in the sunrise sector of cloud computing

It is engineers' day on September 15 -- a day to celebrate the creative and technical spirit of Indian engineers, who have contributed towards India's rising success globally. Engineering excellence touches every aspect of life today – from the alarm on smartphones, to the gadgets that allow access to information at any time.

Technology is triggering a shift in the way people and organisations interact, especially with the advent of cloud computing, virtualisation and mobility. In addition, the growth of digital devices and all time access to information is contributing to an information explosion leading to the Big Data phenomenon.

In this time of change, there is an urgent need to stay relevant in order to continue the technology-leadership that India has created for itself. And engineers need to be at the vanguard of this shift, leading the way as the rest of the country navigates new technologies and trends. Just as we took advantage of Y2K to firmly establish our dominance in the software space, cloud, virtualisation and mobility today present great opportunities. Preparing for these opportunities, however, is no easy task.

For example, the cloud represents a great leap in a distributed model where the location of data and applications has become irrelevant. It brings access, cost-efficiencies and scalability to an organisation, and is unsurprisingly becoming a very popular technology delivery model. From an engineering standpoint, cloud questions the fundamental principles and attributes that have been the de facto system for the past 30 years. Designing systems and applications that are operated and accessed on the network is a paradigm shift from developing them on-premise. Engineers accustomed to developing applications for computers that are static/hard-linked now need to account for a more dynamic and heterogeneous environment.

Cloud moves the computing or storage remotely and the end-user may not have any visibility into this environment. The distributed nature of cloud computing brings into focus network connectivity -- wide area networks (WANs), performance, bandwidth and availability have become critical. Engineers who are qualified to create, maintain and operate high-performance networks are therefore in great demand.

Posted By-IIMT MCA IT Comity 

iPHONE 5 AGAINST iPHONE 4S

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Apple Inc's new iPhone goes on sale on Friday with a bigger screen and 4G wireless technology, as the company seeks to safeguard its edge over rivals like Samsung Electronics Co Ltd and Google Inc .
The iPhone 5 fulfilled many of the expectations laid out by gadget geeks and technology analysts ahead of its Wednesday unveiling but offered few surprises to give Apple shares -- already near record highs -- another major kick.

Apple iPhone 5  

      

Apple iPhone 4S

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

                                                      iPhone 5                                               iPhone 4S

2G Networks              GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 - GSM A1428                       GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900

                                             CDMA 800 / 1700 / 1900 / 2100 - CDMA A1429               CDMA 800 / 1900

3G Networks            HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100 - GSM A1428                     HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100

                                            CDMA2000 1xEV-DO - CDMA A1429                                     CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

4G Networks            LTE 700 MHz Class 17 / 1700 / 2100 - GSM A1428                                    --
                                            or LTE 850 / 1800 / 2100 - GSM A1429                   
                                 LTE 700 / 850 / 1800 / 1900 / 2100 - CDMA A1429                                     --

Announced                2012, September                                                   2011, October

Weight                       112g m                                                                  140gm

Display Type              LED-backlit IPS TFT, capacitive touchscreen,                      LED-backlit IPS TFT, capacitive 
                                             16M colors                                                                                   touchscreen, 16M colors 

Size/Resolution               640 x 1136 pixels, 4.0 inches                                                  640 x 960 pixels, 3.5 inches 

Storage                      16/32/64 GB on the board ,1 GB RAM                                   16/32/64 GB on the board ,512 MB
                                                                                                                                                   RAM 

Data        

1. GPRS                Yes                                                                     Yes                                               
2. EDGE                Yes                                                                     Yes
3. BLUETOOTH   Yes, v4.0 with A2DP                                                               Yes, v4.0 with A2DP
4. WI-FI                 Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n, dual-band, Wi-Fi Plus Cellular     Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot            
5. USB                    Yes, v2.0                                                              Yes, v2.0    

       
Camera

1. Primary                8 MP, 3264x2448 pixels, autofocus,                                  8 MP, 3264x2448 pixels, autofocus, 

                                                   LED flash                                                                                LED flash

1. Secondary            Yes, 1.2 MP, 720p@30fps, videocalling over                  Yes, VGA, 480p@30fps, videocalling                                                                                      .                                     Wi-Fi and 3G                                                                         over Wi-Fi and 3G
2. Video                   Yes, 1080p@30fps, LED video light,                               Yes, 1080p@30fps, LED video light,                     .                            video stabilization, geo-tagging                                       video stabilization, geo-tagging
3. Features                Simultaneous HD video and image recording             Touch focus, geo-tagging, face  touch                        .                                      focus, geo-tagging, face detection, panorama             panorama

Features

1. OS                        iOS6                                                                iOS5 (updated to 6)
2. Chipset                 Apple A6                                                          Apple A5
3. GPU                                                                                              Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9
4. Sensors                 Accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass                     Accelerometer, gyro, proximity,                                                                 .                                                                                                                                     compass
5. Messaging             iMessage, SMS, MMS, Email, Push Email                     iMessage, SMS (threaded view), MMS,  .                                                                                                                                      Email, Push Email
6. Browser                Safari                                                               Safari
7. Gps                       Yes, with A-GPS support                                                   Yes, with A-GPS support 
8. JAVA                    No                                                                  No 
9. SIM Support         nano-SIM                                                        MicroSIM

Battery                            Up to 8 h (2G) / Up to 8 h (3G)  talktime                         Up to 14 h (2G) / Up to 8 h (3G)                             .                                                                                                                                                  talktime

Source:Gsmarena, wikipedia ,Apple